5.2.3 Ramps and sloping grounds

• Gradients should be as gentle as possible.
• Straight ramps or sloping grounds are preferred.
• If winding ramps or slopes are provided, turning should be with the largest possible radius and with sufficient turning space; avoid acute turning or turning with steep gradient.
• Sufficient intermediate landings for rest, preferably with chairs or benches, should be provided.
• Continuous handrails should be provided for assisted walking, preferably with two mounting levels.
• Channel grating slots should not be parallel to the traffic direction, slot sizes should be small enough to avoid trapping of crutches or wheels.
• Effective lighting or footlight should be provided to make the ramp or sloping ground clearly visible.

5.2.4 Stairs and steps

• Handrails should be provided on both sides.
• Central handrails should be provided for stairs and steps of excessive widths.
• Sufficient intermediate landings, preferably with chairs, should be provided for rest and regaining strength, especially for long consecutive stairs.
• Warning should be provided at a suitable distance before the first and last step.
• Every step of a single flight of stair should be of constant tread width and riser height.
• Nosings should be of contrasting colours to the tread and riser.
• Effective lighting or footlight should be provided to make every step clearly visible.
• Natural lighting and light fixtures should be so positioned as to avoid glare or the walking person’s own shadow casting on the steps.
• Underside of staircases with less than 2000mm headroom should be blocked by guardrails or other form of barriers to stop people from walking underneath.