Contents ----------------- Preface ----------------- Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Development of “Universal Accessibility” 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Study Methods and Framework ----------------- Universal Accessibility in the Built Environment 2.1 The Challenge in Hong Kong 2.2 Aging Population 2.3 Universal Accessibility in External Areas,Open Spaces and Green Spaces 2.4 Major Issues 2.5 The Way Forward ----------------- Best Practices and Guidelines 3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance ----------------- Photo Gallery 4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting ----------------- Appendices A1 Case Study 1 - Rehabilitation Complex in Wong Chuk Hang A2 Case Study 2 - An External Public Space in Ma On Shan ----------------- Acknowledgements ----------------- References ----------------- View or Download PDF

3. Best Practices and Guidelines     3.1 Access Route 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Design Considerations 3.1.3 Surface Treatment 3.1.4 Surface Drainage 3.1.5 Sensory and Psychological Needs   3.1.5.1 Visual   3.1.5.2 Auditory       3.1.5.3 Olfactory   3.1.5.4 Tactile     3.1.6 Elements along a Travel Path 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance 3.1.5.3 Olfactory     (a) Provide soft landscaping along the travel path with different species that give off various scents to enrich the journey (3.1.5.3a).       3.1.5.3a  Seasonal planting and foliage along the access path can enrich the travel experience       3.1.5.4 Tactile     (a) Provide signs, tactile models, sculptures, and interactive displays that can be approached and touched (3.1.5.4a). Such provisions are particularly useful to visually impaired users in formulating a mental map of their surroundings.       3.1.5.4a  Three-dimensional tactile directory led by tactile guide path and audio signals