Contents ----------------- Preface ----------------- Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Development of “Universal Accessibility” 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Study Methods and Framework ----------------- Universal Accessibility in the Built Environment 2.1 The Challenge in Hong Kong 2.2 Aging Population 2.3 Universal Accessibility in External Areas, Open Spaces and Green Spaces 2.4 Major Issues 2.5 The Way Forward ----------------- Best Practices and Guidelines 3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance ----------------- Photo Gallery 4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting ----------------- Appendices A1 Case Study 1 - Rehabilitation Complex in Wong Chuk Hang A2 Case Study 2 - An External Public Space in Ma On Shan ----------------- Acknowledgements ----------------- References ----------------- View or Download PDF

3. Best Practices and Guidelines     3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.8.1 Lighting Level and Arrangement 3.8.2 Special Lighting Consideration 3.8.3 Ambient Lighting and The Environment     3.8.4 Transitions   3.8.4.1 External/Internal Transition   3.8.4.2 End of Tunnel Effect     3.8.5 Glare, Reflection, Colour Rendering, Shadow and Shaded Area 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance 3.8.4 Transitions     3.8.4.1 External/Internal Transition     During daytime people would feel blinded when entering a dark lobby from bright sunlight or vice-versa. This is because our eyes require time to adjust to the high contrast in lighting levels. Many common architectural design elements can help to improve the eyes to adapt, such as the following:   Canopy for entrances; Recess of entrances to allow for a covered space under the shade (3.8.4.1a); Introduction of daylight into the lobby through a skylight, glass wall, windows, etc.   During night time people would feel blinded when leaving a brightly lit lobby to a dark external space or vice-versa. Designs that can improve the situation include the following:   Transparency of entrance to let the light spill out from the lobby into the external space (3.8.4.1b); Transitional lighting arrangement outside the entrance (at the recess, canopy or along the final approach of the accessible route) that is brighter than the environment but darker than the lobby (3.8.4.1c).       3.8.4.1a  A deep recess before entering into a dark lobby                     3.8.4.1b  Transitional lighting outside building entrance                     3.8.4.1c  Lighting transitions between areas at night