Contents ----------------- Preface ----------------- Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Development of “Universal Accessibility” 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Study Methods and Framework ----------------- Universal Accessibility in the Built Environment 2.1 The Challenge in Hong Kong 2.2 Aging Population 2.3 Universal Accessibility in External Areas, Open Spaces and Green Spaces 2.4 Major Issues 2.5 The Way Forward ----------------- Best Practices and Guidelines 3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance ----------------- Photo Gallery 4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting ----------------- Appendices A1 Case Study 1 - Rehabilitation Complex in Wong Chuk Hang A2 Case Study 2 - An External Public Space in Ma On Shan ----------------- Acknowledgements ----------------- References ----------------- View or Download PDF

3. Best Practices and Guidelines     3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.8.1 Lighting Level and Arrangement 3.8.2 Special Lighting Consideration 3.8.3 Ambient Lighting and The Environment 3.8.4 Transitions     3.8.5 Glare, Reflection, Colour Rendering, Shadow and Shaded Area   3.8.5.1 Glare   3.8.5.2 Reflection   3.8.5.3 Colour Rendering   3.8.5.4 Shadow and Shaded Area     3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance 3.8.5 Glare, Reflection, Colour Rendering, Shadow and Shaded Area     3.8.5.1 Glare     Glare reduces visibility and creates great discomfort to users. It should be minimized as far as practicable and controlled by the architectural design and the design of the lighting.   (a) Use fully shielded lighting to minimize glare from the light source. (b) If the light has to be tilted, it should be minimum 45° down-tilt to control the worst glare (3.8.5.1a). (c) Avoid the use of glossy and glare generating materials for floor, wall or other large surface areas, especially if they are in close proximity to a strong light source (3.8.5.1b). (d) Avoid a single strong light source in a dark field or strong light sources sparingly scattered to light up an area (3.8.5.1c).         3.8.5.1a  A 45-degree down-tilt will control the worst glare from floodlights. The illustrated pattern is 40 degrees (left)/60 degrees (right) full width at 50%/10% of peak candlepower, a typical PAR-38 floodlight pattern.1                     3.8.5.1b  Glossy white wall surface with bright wall-mount lights creates glare   3.8.5.1c  Unshielded single strong light source in a dark field creates glare       1 Outdoor Lighting Code Handbook Ver. 1.14 Dec 2000 / Sep 2002, Copyright © 2000, International Dark-Sky Association   3.8.5.2 Reflection     (a) Avoid tilted glazing or stainless steel placed at low level. If they are placed at low level, they should not be placed near to, or pointed towards walkways, footbridges or tunnels (3.8.5.2a). Consideration should be made to avoid creating glare from reflected sunlight on curtain wall buildings (3.8.5.2b). (b) Other than covers, also provide shades for some of the seating benches. Shades may be in the form of screen walls, landscaping, building blocks, etc.         3.8.5.2a  Large piece of tilted glazing beside a footbridge creates glare even after replacement with non-reflective glass   3.8.5.2b  Reflected sunlight from a curtain wall building creates glare to a nearby garden