Contents ----------------- Preface ----------------- Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Development of “Universal Accessibility” 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Study Methods and Framework ----------------- Universal Accessibility in the Built Environment 2.1 The Challenge in Hong Kong 2.2 Aging Population 2.3 Universal Accessibility in External Areas, Open Spaces and Green Spaces 2.4 Major Issues 2.5 The Way Forward ----------------- Best Practices and Guidelines 3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance ----------------- Photo Gallery 4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting ----------------- Appendices A1 Case Study 1 - Rehabilitation Complex in Wong Chuk Hang A2 Case Study 2 - An External Public Space in Ma On Shan ----------------- Acknowledgements ----------------- References ----------------- View or Download PDF

3. Best Practices and Guidelines     3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.8.1 Lighting Level and Arrangement 3.8.2 Special Lighting Consideration 3.8.3 Ambient Lighting and The Environment 3.8.4 Transitions     3.8.5 Glare, Reflection, Colour Rendering, Shadow and Shaded Area   3.8.5.1 Glare   3.8.5.2 Reflection   3.8.5.3 Colour Rendering   3.8.5.4 Shadow and Shaded Area     3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance 3.8.5.3 Colour Rendering     (a) Colour rendering quality should be ensured for external areas where colours are important, such as signage, colour contrast for nosing of stairs, car parking area, sports field, etc. (3.8.5.3a and 3.8.5.3b).         3.8.5.3a  Colour rendering is important for identifying signage and floor markings                     3.8.5.3b  Colour rendering for a field for both daytime (left) and night time (right) activities     3.8.5.4 Shadow and Shaded Area     A shaded area can be useful as a transition between a brighter and a darker area. However the shaded area and the shading effects have to be carefully handled.   (a) The lighting pattern created by the intersection of artificial light sources should have their intersection points above the eye level so that when one is walking past the lighting pattern, the flashing of light and shade to the eye can be avoided. (b) Avoid narrow parallel strips of sunshades that create bands of light and shade perpendicular to the direction of travel (3.8.5.4a, 3.8.5.4b and 3.8.5.4c). They cause great discomfort to users’ eyes as they travel across the flashing bands of light and shade. (c) Avoid placing any hazards or obstacles, such as steps, a drop in level, a fire hydrant, etc, under total shade or in a shadow area. (d) A direct sunbeam from a skylight falling into a totally shaded area can create a dramatic effect, however filtered sunlight may provide better natural lighting for visibility (3.8.5.4d).         3.8.5.4a  Skylight sun shading by a strip pattern perpendicular to direction of travel is undesirable   3.8.5.4b  Bands of light and shade are created causing discomfort to users as they travel across the flashing bands of light and shade                     3.8.5.4c  Bands of light and shade falling on a irregular floor pattern may cause a sense of dizziness to some people   3.8.5.4d  A direct sunbeam from a skylight falling onto a shaded area creates great lighting contrast