Contents ----------------- Preface ----------------- Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Development of “Universal Accessibility” 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Study Methods and Framework ----------------- Universal Accessibility in the Built Environment 2.1 The Challenge in Hong Kong 2.2 Aging Population 2.3 Universal Accessibility in External Areas, Open Spaces and Green Spaces 2.4 Major Issues 2.5 The Way Forward ----------------- Best Practices and Guidelines 3.1 Access Route 3.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 3.3 Landscaped Spaces 3.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 3.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 3.6 Detectable Surfaces 3.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 3.8 Lighting 3.9 Safety 3.10 Management and Maintenance ----------------- Photo Gallery 4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting ----------------- Appendices A1 Case Study 1 - Rehabilitation Complex in Wong Chuk Hang A2 Case Study 2 - An External Public Space in Ma On Shan ----------------- Acknowledgements ----------------- References ----------------- View or Download PDF

4. Photo Gallery     4.1 Access Route 4.2 Connectivity and Interfacing Elements 4.3 Landscaped Spaces 4.4 Furniture, Equipment and Fittings 4.5 Way Finding, Orientation and Signage 4.6 Detectable Surfaces 4.7 Colour and Luminous Contrast 4.8 Lighting 4.3 Landscaped Spaces       4.3a  Buffer planting with colourful blossom and foliage located next to seating bench to facilitate visual enjoyment   4.3b  Accent planting with colourful foliage located near sheltered seats with wheelchair space to draw visual attraction         4.3c  Flower Clock landscape feature with low-lying herbaceous plants arranged on an inclined plane forming a strong focal point and conveying a sense of time passage   4.3d  Thoughtful design that incorporates seating under shade while providing root protection zone for preserved trees         4.3e  Landscape theme with accessible outdoor display of mineral rock specimens, tying in with the local history   4.3f  Spacious landing at ramp intervals allow appreciation of tree canopy and visual accessibility to distant views         4.3g  Specially designed planters for horticultural therapy facilitate appreciation of low-lying herbaceous plants at an accessible height   4.3h  Street trees planted in appropriate spacing and properly maintained allowing both physical and visual clearance at strategic locations         4.3i  Sheltered seats strategically located on top of the ramp to provide visual accessibility to the beach and pleasant sea views   4.3j  Special planting features integrated with accessible signage for education purposes         4.3k  Large plant labels convey information effectively and facilitate comprehension   4.3m  Staking of roadside trees without any sharp edges or unexpected protrusions         4.3n  Interpretive signage integrated into the landscape design   4.3p  Thoughtful design using planting and pebbles along edges of a reflective pool to enhance safety at the transitional space         4.3q  Tactile clues provided along an accessible ramp that meanders through a landscaped area   4.3r  Good landscape planning integrating vegetation with natural landform to frame views and offer visual accessibility to "borrowed scenery" down the hill         4.3s  Low-branching trees planted with appropriate setback from the kerb line to ensure physical clearance on the passageway   4.3t  Well maintained border hedges and flowering shrubs kept at appropriate heights to avoid blocking illumination along the passageway